6/1 資組心得筆記(下學期) @ 上課心得與筆記

上課內容：

#目前找不到具有圖書館概念的遺址
#中國圖書分類法：只有8類 (總類0不算，史書佔了6、7)
#杜威分類法：有9類 (總類0不算一類) 只分9類是因為阿拉伯數字只到9

knowledge organization (KO)
(or “organization of knowledge”, “organization of information” or “information organization”)：
1. 應用範圍：
KO is about activities such as document description, indexing and classification performed in libraries, databases, archives etc.
2. 處理機構：
These activities are done by librarians, archivists, subject specialists as well as by computer algorithms.
3. 研究目標：
KO as a field of study is concerned with the nature and quality of such knowledge organizing processes (KOP) (such as taxonomy and ontology) as well as the knowledge organizing systems (KOS) used to organize documents, document representations and concepts.

1.1 Traditional approaches
1. Dewey was interested in developing a system which could be used in many libraries, a standardized way to manage library collections.
2. An important characteristic in Henry Bliss’ (and many contemporary thinkers of KO) was that the sciences tend to reflect the order of Nature and that library classification should reflect the order of knowledge as uncovered by science:
分類程序：
Natural order --> Scientific Classification --> Library classification (KO)
利用自然法則來作為分類 (自然產生，人類無法改變)
3. Among the other principles, which may be attributed to the traditional approach to KO are:
資訊組織用傳統的方向來看，具有下列四個原則：
(1) 控制詞彙 Principle of controlled vocabulary：可以理解的詞彙語言
Ex:在臺灣的網站會用繁體的「臺」
(2) 科特規則 (制定精準的分類規則) Cutter's rule (Cutter Expansive Classification) about specificity
(3) 資訊組織對象一定要在圖書館內 Hulme's principle of literary warrant (1911)
(4) 組織的類別一定要從一般到特殊 Principle of organizing from the general to the specific

1.2 Facet analytic (層面分析) approaches
1. The approach has been further developed by, in particular, the British Classification Research Group. In many ways this approach has dominated what might be termed “modern classification theory.”
每個主題在打散成更小的概念，再將相關的概念組合成一類
2. The best way to explain this approach is probably to explain its analytico-synthetic methodology.
(1) The meaning of the term “analysis” is: Breaking down each subject into its basic concepts.
(2) The meaning of the term synthesis is: Combining the relevant units and concepts to describe the subject matter of the information package in hand.
3. Ranganathan proposed his PMEST formula: Personality, Matter, Energy, Space and Time
天地間的萬事為物將其分類為五個層面：人事時地物

#讀者還是需要具備能力去找書

1.3 The information retrieval tradition (IR) 資訊搜尋的概念
Recall：搜尋結果涵蓋率100% (要找的有多少被找到)
ex:當有40個女生，其中有20個是美女，而搜尋時結果有30個，其中涵蓋前述全部的美女，則有100%的涵蓋率
Precision：精確的搜尋結果(要找到的能精確地被找到)
目的：為了能測定系統的效率

Precisionrecall.svg.png