上課內容：
美國白宮的請願Petition
1. With We the People, you can easily create a petition online, share it, and collect signatures. If you gather 100,000 signature in 30 days, we'll review your petition, make sure it gets in front of the appropriate policy experts, and issue an official response.
每個人都可以請願，超過1000000人則30天之內會檢視請願，總統府會依照法律來回應請願的民眾
2. Step-by-Step Guide
Create a Petition
how to create a new petition:
(1) Choose a Type:
Start by choosing one of the five types of actions that are within the purview of this site, completing the sentence “We the People ask the Administration to...” which will be the header of your petition.
(2) Enter a Title:
Enter a short (120 characters or less) title for the petition. It should be clear, compelling and describe the goal of your petition.
(3) Provide a Description:
Use this space to further define the goal of your petition (in 800 characters or less). Include additional information or research to support your request. Please note that petitions on the We the People site will be moderated. Some petitions may be removed from the site consistent with the Terms of Participation.
(4) Choose Tags:
Choose between 1 and 3 tags to help categorize the petitions. This will help others better understand how it relates to the issues the administration works on.
(5) Review and Publish:
Once published, you will not be able to edit your petitions, so be sure to double-check for spelling, punctuation, grammar, and meaning.
Promote and Gather Signatures
After you publish your petition, it's time to start promoting! You have 30 days to gather the 100,000 signatures required for a response, so it’s good to hit the ground running. An easy first step? Once your petition is published, you'll receive an automatic email from us with a link that people can use to sign — simply forward it to friends and family and you're on your way. Once you get your first 150 signatures, your petition will become publicly searchable on the We the People website.
The White House Reviews and Responds
Once the petition reaches the required threshold, it will be put in a queue to be reviewed by the White House. Others can still sign the petition while it is awaiting a response. When the White House responds, everyone who has signed the petition will get email from the White House to let you know that we’ve reviewed and responded to the petition.
3. Petitions must fall within the scope of We the People.
The following are examples of petitions that would NOT fall within scope:
(1) Petitions that advertise or call for the endorsement or purchase of commercial goods or services,
(2) Petitions that expressly urge the support or opposition of candidates for elected office,
(3) Petitions that do not address the actions or policies of the federal government, or that address a topic not included in We the People at the time the petition was created.
4. In addition, by participating in We the People you agree not to post the following types of material:
(1) Threats of unlawful violence or harm to any individual or group
(2) Obscene, vulgar, or lewd material
(3) Defamatory or fraudulent statements
(4) Terms commonly understood to constitute profanity or abusive or degrading slurs or epithets
(5) Information that invades an individual's privacy
(6) Information that if published would violate criminal law or give rise to civil liability
英國 UK Government and Parliament - Petitions
If a petition gets 10,000 signatures, the government will respond
只需要10,000人就可請願成功，政府會回應請願的民眾
If a petition gets 100,000 signatures, it will be considered for debate in Parliament
如果有100,000人請願，政府則會將其視為議會討論的議題
運用已有的知識及技能，參與國際性的社群計畫，藉以理解圖書資訊學在國際間的發展。舉例，但不以此為限：
1. Koha 圖書館自動化系統
2. aNobii 書櫃、尋找、分享
3. Project Gutenberg 古騰堡計畫
4. Open Library 每本書一個網頁
5. 維基百科
6. 开放目录专案；
7. SETI＠home (Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence, 探索外星文明)；
8. Folding@home = 蛋白质折叠；
9. Free Rice；學英文單字, 捐米給貧童
10. E-LIS. E-prints in Library and Information Science；圖書資訊學論文
11. 開放原始碼翻譯計畫 Open Source Translation Project
#wayback machine：輔仁大學在1996/12/22時，wayback machine已經有找到此網站
著作權法
著作人格權
第18條：
著作人死亡或消滅者，關於其著作人格權之保護，視同生存或存續，任何人不得侵害。但依利用行為之性質及程度、社會之變動或其他情事可認為不違反該著作人之意思者，不構成侵害。
第20條：
未公開發表之著作原件及其著作財產權，除作為買賣之標的或經本人允諾者外，不得作為強制執行之標的。
第21條：
著作人格權專屬於著作人本身，不得讓與或繼承。
著作財產權
第二款：著作財產權之存續期間
第30條：
著作財產權，除本法另有規定外，存續於著作人之生存期間及其死亡後五十年。
著作於著作人死亡後四十年至五十年間首次公開發表者，著作財產權之期間，自公開發表時起存續十年。
第31條：
共同著作之著作財產權，存續至最後死亡之著作人死亡後五十年。
第32條：
別名著作或不具名著作之著作財產權，存續至著作公開發表後五十年。但可證明其著作人死亡已逾五十年者，其著作財產權消滅。前項規定，於著作人之別名為眾所周知者，不適用之。
第33條：
法人為著作人之著作，其著作財產權存續至其著作公開發表後五十年。但著作在創作完成時起算五十年內未公開發表者，其著作財產權存續至創作完成時起五十年。
第三款：著作財產權之讓與、行使及消滅
第36條：
著作財產權得全部或部分讓與他人或與他人共有。
著作財產權之受讓人，在其受讓範圍內，取得著作財產權。
著作財產權讓與之範圍依當事人之約定；其約定不明之部分，推定為未讓與。
第四款：著作財產權之限制
第44條：
中央或地方機關，因立法或行政目的所需，認有必要將他人著作列為內部參考資料時，在合理範圍內，得重製他人之著作。但依該著作之種類、用途及其重製物之數量、方法，有害於著作財產權人之利益者，不在此限。
第45條：
專為司法程序使用之必要，在合理範圍內，得重製他人之著作。
前條但書規定，於前項情形準用之。
第46條：
依法設立之各級學校及其擔任教學之人，為學校授課需要，在合理範圍內，得重製他人已公開發表之著作。
第四十四條但書規定，於前項情形準用之。
TPP產生的問題
1. Latest TPP leak shows systemic threat to software freedom (自由軟體)
Wikileaks released a leaked chapter of the ongoing Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations, the multinational trade agreement that is being developed through a series of secret negotiations and aims to create a host of new restrictions. We here at the FSF have been fighting against TPP for years, as it represents the threat of a world dominated by DRM, software patents(軟體專利), and perpetual copyright. (永久版權)
2. TPP著作權條款不合理且獨厚美國 (帝國主義的延伸—法律)
美國反覆施壓其他國家也採取作者生存期間加上70年的著作權保護標準—美國通常都用自由貿易協議的手段來達成。如果其他國家想要與美國簽訂雙邊自由貿易協議，美國便堅持協議內容要包含延長著作權保護期限。
舉例來說，澳洲與美國簽訂的自由貿易協議中，就將著作權保護期間從作者生存期間加上50年改成70年。摩洛哥、巴林、智利和新加坡也在與美國的雙邊自由貿易協議中同意了延長著作權保護期間。
參考文獻：
美國白宮(We the people) ：https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/about
英國 UK Government and Parliament - Petitions：https://petition.parliament.uk/
著作權法：http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=J0070017
Latest TPP leak shows systemic threat to software freedom ：
https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/latest-tpp-leak-shows-systemic-threat-to-software-freedom
TPP著作權條款不合理且獨厚美國：
http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20151008
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