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上課內容：
資訊組織(organization of information)：
1. 組織任何資訊記錄(recorded information)或資訊物件(information objects)，為其建立替代性的紀錄，如文字或符號，以幫助使用者能夠查詢、檢索、辨識、取得資料。
2. 泰勒(Taylor)認為「資訊組織」是指人類所有資訊紀錄的組織。各種的資訊紀錄有的是屬於文字，也有的並非文字，例如各種的書籍、影像資料、聲音資料、圖像資料或是各樣的網路資源及不同的資訊物件。
3. 好的資訊組織能夠提供使用者及時、精確並且具相關性的書目資訊。
4. 處理資訊組織的機構：圖書館、博物館、美術館、檔案館及網際網路社群。
5. 資訊組織被稱為圖書分類編目，但是圖書分類編目較偏向的是圖書館館藏目錄的編製，而沒有資訊組織的範圍大。(圖書分類編目範圍是資訊組織的一部分)
6. 資訊組織的範圍：資訊檢索工具的製作與研發。 (索引、書目、電子化的書目資料庫及檔案查詢輔助(finding aids))。
1.5 Bibliometric approaches書目計量學
本質：這篇文章的好壞，要看引用的文獻決定
based on using bibliographical references to organize networks of papers, mainly by bibliographic coupling or co-citation analysis.
有以下兩種考量：
Two considerations are important in considering bibliometric approaches to KO:
1. The level of indexing depth is partly determined by the number of terms assigned to each document. In citation indexing this corresponds to the number of references in a given paper. On the average, scientific papers contain 10-15 references, which provide quite a high level of depth.
2. The references, which function as access points, are provided by the highest subject-expertise: The experts writing in the leading journals. This expertise is much higher than that which library catalogs or bibliographical databases typically are able to draw on.
1.6 The domain analytic approach
Domain analysis is a sociological-epistemological standpoint.
The indexing of a given document should reflect the needs of a given group of users or a given ideal purpose. In other words, any description or representation of a given document is more or less suited to the fulfillment of certain tasks. A description is never objective or neutral, and the goal is not to standardize descriptions or make one description once and for all for different target groups.
#運用實體分析法來確定實體間的屬性關係
FRAD：
User Tasks 使用者
使用者涵蓋範圍：
For the purposes of this analysis, the users of authority data are broadly defined to include:
1. 規範資料的創建者和維護者；
authority data creators who create and maintain authority data;
2. 直接檢索規範資料者或在目錄、國家書目以及類似資料庫中通過受控檢索點(名稱的規範形式、名稱的變異形式/參照等) 間接使用規範資訊的使用者。
users who use authority information either through direct access to authority data or indirectly through the controlled access points (authorized forms of name, variant forms of name/references, etc.) in catalogues, national bibliographies, other similar databases, etc.
權威資料的使用者執行下列四項工作：
Four tasks representing all users are defined as follows:
1. 查找：查找一個符合標準的實體或一組實體 (即：使用單一屬性、屬性的組合或實體間關係作為檢索條件查找單一實體或一組實體 )；或使用屬性及其關係在整個書目實體的世界中查找。(找到16個實體)
Find: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria (i.e., to find either a single entity or a set of entities using an attribute or combination of attributes or a relationship of the entity as the search criteria); or to explore the universe of bibliographic entities using those attributes and relationships.
2. 辨識：分具有相似特徵的兩個或更多實體)，或確定受控檢索點的名稱形式。(辨認16個實體)
Identify: Identify an entity (i.e., to confirm that the entity represented corresponds to the entity sought, to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics) or to validate the form of name to be used for a controlled access point.
3. 闡明關係：將一個人、一個團體或一部作品置於環境中；闡明兩個或多個 個人、團體、作品等之間的關係；或闡明一個人、一個團體以 及這個人、這個團體的眾所周知的名稱之間的關係(如宗教教名與俗名之間的關係)。(闡述16個實體的關係)
Contextualize: Place a person, corporate body, work, etc., in context; clarify the relationship between two or more persons, corporate bodies, works, etc.; or clarify the relationship between a person, corporate body, etc., and a name by which that person, corporate body, etc., is known (e.g., name used in religion versus secular name).
4. 提供依據：提供規範記錄創建者選擇這個名稱或名稱形式作為受控檢索點基礎的依據。
Justify: Document the authority data creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which a controlled access point is based.
參考文獻：
Knowledge organization ：
資訊組織：
FRAD：
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